DISORDERS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

DISORDERS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension):

Hypertension is the term for blood pressure that is higher than normal (120/80).

In this measurement 120 mm Hg (millimetres of mercury pressure) is the systolic, or pumping, pressure and 80 mm Hg is the diastolic, or resting, pressure.

If repeated checks of blood pressure of an individual is 140/90 (140 over 90) or Schematic plan of blood circulation in human higher, it shows hypertension.

High blood pressure leads to heart diseases and also affects vital organs like brain and kidney.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):

Coronary Artery Disease, often referred to as atherosclerosis, affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle.

It is caused by deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues, which makes the lumen of arteries narrower.

Angina:

It is also called ‘angina pectoris’.

A symptom of acute chest pain appears when no enough oxygen is reaching the heart muscle.

Angina can occur in men and women of any age but it is more common among the middle-aged and elderly.

It occurs due to conditions that affect the blood flow.

Heart Failure:

Heart failure means the state of heart when it is not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body.

It is sometimes called congestive heart failure because congestion of the lungs is one of the main symptoms of this disease.

Heart failure is not the same as cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating) or a heart attack (when the heart muscle is suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply).

Comments

AIR POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION We are dependent on air for our respiratory needs. Air pollutants cause injury to all living organisms. They reduce growth and yield of crops and cause premature death of plants. Air pollutants also deleteriously affect the respiratory system of humans and of animals. Harmful effects depend on the concentration of pollutants, duration of exposure and the organism. Smokestacks of thermal power plants, smelters and other industries release particulate and gaseous air pollutants together with harmless gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen, etc. These pollutants must be separated/ filtered out before releasing the harmless gases into the atmosphere. Electrostatic precipitator There are several ways of removing particulate matter; the most widely used of which is the electrostatic precipitator, which can remove over 99 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant. It has electrode wires that are m...

RADIOACTIVE WASTES

RADIOACTIVE WASTES Initially, nuclear energy was hailed as a non-polluting way for generating electricity. Later on, it was realised that the use of nuclear energy has two very serious inherent problems. The first is accidental leakage, as occurred in the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl incidents and the second is safe disposal of radioactive wastes. Radiation, that is given off by nuclear waste is extremely damaging to biological organisms, because it causes mutations to occur at a very high rate. At high doses, nuclear radiation is lethal but at lower doses, it creates various disorders, the most frequent of all being cancer. Therefore, nuclear waste is an extremely potent pollutant and has to be dealt with utmost caution. It has been recommended that storage of nuclear waste, after sufficient pre-treatment, should be done in suitably shielded containers buried within the rocks, about 500 m deep below the earth’s surface. However,...

DIGESTIVE GLANDS

DIGESTIVE GLANDS Salivary gland Saliva is mainly produced by three pairs of salivary glands, the parotids (cheek), the sub-maxillary/submandibular (lower jaw) and the sub-linguals (below the tongue). These glands situated just outside the buccal cavity secrete salivary juice into the buccal cavity. liver Liver is the largest gland of the body weighing about 1.2 to 1.5 kg in an adult human. It is situated in the abdominal cavity , just below the diaphragm and has two lobes. The hepatic lobules are the structural and functional units of liver containing hepatic cells arranged in the form of cords. Each lobule is covered by a thin connective tissue sheath known the Glisson's. The bile secreted by the hepatic cells passes through the hepatic ducts and is stored and concentrated in a thin muscular sac known the gall bladder. The duct of Gall bladder (cystic duct) along with the hepatic duct from the liver forms the common bile duct The bile...

RELAXATION SCIENCE

Search This Blog