DISORDERS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DISORDERS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• The inflammation of the enteric tract is that the commonest ill thanks to microorganism or infectious agent infections. 
• The infections are caused by the parasites of the gut like flatworm, roundworm, threadworm, hookworm, pin worm. etc

Jaundice

• The liver is affected, sin and eyes turn yellow due to the deposit of bile pigments.

Vomiting

• It is the ejection of stomach contents through the mouth. 
• This reflex action is controlled by the vomit centre in the medulla. 
• A feeling of nausea precedes vomiting.

Diarrhoea

• The abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of the faecal discharge is known as diarrhoea. 
• It reduces the absorption of food. 

Constipation 

In constipation, the faeces are retained within the colon as the bowel movements occur irregularly.

Indigestion

• In this condition, the food is not properly digested leading to a feeling of fullness. 
• The causes of indigestion are inadequate enzyme secretion, anxiety, food poisoning, over eating, and spicy food.

Protein-energy malnutrition [PEM] 

• Dietary deficiencies of proteins and total food calories are widespread in many underdeveloped countries of South and South-east Asia, South America, and West and Central Africa. 
• PEM may affect large sections of the population during drought, famine and political turmoil. 
• This happened in Bangladesh during the liberation war and in Ethiopia during the severe drought in mid-eighties. 
• PEM affects infants and children to produce Marasmus and Kwashiorkar.
• Marasmus is produced by a simultaneous deficiency of proteins and calories. 
• It is found in infants less than a year in age, if mother's milk is replaced too early by other foods which are poor in both proteins and caloric value. 
• this often happens if the mother has second pregnancy or childbirth when the older infant is still to young. 
• In Marasmus, proteins deficiency impairs growth and replacement of tissue proteins; extreme emaciation of the body and thinning of limbs results, the skin becomes dry, thin and wrinkled. 
  
  
  
• Growth rate and body weight decline considerably. 
• Even growth and development of brain and mental faculties are impaired deficiency. 
• It results from the replacement of mother's milk by a high calories low protein diet in a child more than one year in age. 
• Like marasmus Kwashiorkor show wasting of muscles, thinning of limbs, failure of growth and brain development. 

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   But unlike marasmus, some fat is still left under the skin; moreover, extensive oedema and swelling of body parts are seen.