Digestive system

 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

👉This process of conversion of complex food substance to simple absorbable forms is known as DIGESTION.

 👉The alimentary canal opening the mouth and posterior/ending through the anus.

MOUTH

👉The mouth area is known as buccal cavity / oral cavity.

👉The oral cavity has number of teeth and muscular tongue.

👉Each tooth is embedded is a socket of jaw bone. This type of attachment is known as THECODONT.

👉Majority mammals two set of teeth, set of milk/deciduous teeth replaced by a set of permanent/adult teeth. This is known as Diphyodont

👉Adult human has 32 permanent teeth which are 4 types Incisors (I), Canine (C), premolars (PM) and Molars (M).

👉Dental formula 2123/2123

👉The hard chewing surface of the teeth, made up enamel, helps in the mastication of food. 

👉The tongue is a freely movable muscular organ attached to the floor of the oral cavity by the frenulum. 

👉The upper surface of the tongue has small projections called Papillae, Some of which bear taste buds. 

PHARYNX

👉which serves as a common passage for food and air

OESOPHAGUS 

👉Opening Pharynx 

👉A cartilaginous flap known epiglottis stop the entry of food into the glottis 

👉The oesophagus is a this, long tube which extends endingly passing through the neck , thorax and diaphragm  and leads to a J shaped bag like structure known as STOMACH

👉A muscular sphincter known as GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL regulates the opening of oesophagus into the stomach.

👉LOCATION : Abdominal Cavity

PARTS OF STOMACH 

👉Cardiac Portion into which the oesophagus opens

👉Fundic region

👉Body central region 

👉Pyloric portion which open into the first part of SMALL INTESTINE.

SMALL INTESTINE

👉C-shaped Duodenum

👉the opening of stomach into the duodenum is guarded by the pyloric sphincter.

👉Long coiled middle part jejunum 

👉Highly coiled Ileum

👉Ileum opens into the large intestine

LARGE INTESTINE

👉1. Caecum is a small blind sac which hosts some symbiotic micro-organisms. 

    👉A narrow finger-like tubular projection, the vermiform appendix which has a vestigial organ, arises from the caecum.

    👉The caecum opens into the colon

2. Colon

    👉Colon divided into 4 region 

A. Ascending  colon

B. Transverse colon 

C. Descending colon 

D. Sigmoid colon

3. Rectum

    👉The descending part opens into the rectum which opens into the rectum which opens out through the anus.

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